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中考英語復習:2023中考英語總復習6介詞?

2022-12-21 英語
《2010中考英語總復習6介詞?》由英語編輯整理,更多請訪問:https://www.bestzhufu.com/english/。本內容整理時間為05月12日,如有任何問題請聯系我們。

(一) 知識概要?
介詞在英語中用法很活,也無一定規律可循。在初中范圍內還應學一個記住一個,特別是那些和動詞的特殊搭配。這樣長期下去不斷學習自然會總結出一套自己的規律來。下面是一般的規律,可幫助學習時參考,千萬不要作為定律去背誦,照搬。?
介詞 表示時間 表示地點方位 表示原因方式 其 他
about 大約在……時間?about five o'clock 在周圍,大約多遠?about five kilometres 關于、涉及?
talk about you

above 高出某一平面?
above sea level

across 橫過 walk across the street對面 across the street
after 在……之后?
after supper
跟……后面?
one after another
追趕
run after you

against 背靠逆風?
against the wall, against the wind
反對?
be against you

among 三者以上的中間?
among the trees

at 在某時刻?
at ten
在小地點?
at the school gate
表示速度?
at high speed
向著,對著?
at me

before 在……之前?
before lunch
位于……之前?
sit before me

behind 位于……之后?
behind the tree

below 低于……水平?
below zero
不合格?
below the standard

by 到……時刻,在……時刻之前
?by five o'clock
緊挨著?
site by site
乘坐交通工具?by air, by bick 被由?
was made by us

during 在……期間during the holidays
for 延續多長時間?
for five years
向……去?
leave for Shanghai 為了,對于
be good for you

from 從某時到……某時?from morning till night 來自何方?
from New York
由某原料制成be made from
來自何處?
where are you from

in 在年、月、周較長時間內?in a week 在里面?
in the room
用某種語言?in English 穿著
in red

into 進入……里面?
walk into
除 分?
divide into
變動?
turn into water

near 接近某時?near five years 在……附近?near the park
of 用某種原料制成?
be made of
屬于……性質?
a map of U. S .A

on 某日、某日的上下午on Sunday afternoon 在……上面?
on the desk 靠吃……為生live on rice 關于?a book on Physics
over 渡過一整段時間?work over night 在上方
over the desk
超過, 高于?over five pairs
past 超過某一時刻?
ten past five
經過某地?
walk past the park

since 從某時以來?
since 1980
原因?
Since you were ill

through 經過某一時期?through his life 通過、穿過某地?
through the forest
till?until 直到某時為止?till five o'clock
to 差多少時間?
five to ten
問,到,去往?
to Shanghai
面對面?
face to face
給予give a book to me
under 在……下面?
under the desk
少于?
under ten
在……管制之 下 under the rule
with 用某種工具?with a pen 帶著,具有
with me

without 沒有?
without air

(二) 正誤辨析?
[誤] We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.?
[正] We got to the top of the mountain at day break.?
[析] at用于具體時刻之前,如:sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。
[誤] Don't sleep at daytime??
[正] Don't sleep in daytime.?
[析] in 要用于較長的一段時間之內,如:in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。?
[誤] We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.?
[正] We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.?
[析] in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在這兩個短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on, 如:on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th?
[誤] He became a writter at his twenties??
[正] He became a writter in his twenties??
[析] 這句話應譯為:他在20多歲時就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時間段中要用介詞in來表示,而在具體歲數時用at來表示。?
[誤] He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.?
[正] He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.?
[析] 在具體年歲前用at, 如:at the age of 12, at your age, 等等。?
[誤] We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.?
[正] We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.?
[析] 具體某一天要用介詞on, 又如:on New Year's Day?
[誤] I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.?
[正] I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.?
[析] 在節日的當天用on,而全部節日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節期間,一般要有兩周或更長的時間。?
[誤] I haven't see you during the summer holidays.?
[正] I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.?
[析] during表示在某一段時間之內,所以一般不與完成時搭配,如:I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段時間,可以用于完成時,如:I haven't see you for a long time. 而through 用來表示時間時則為"整整,全部的時間"。如:It rained through the night.?而since則是表達主句動作的起始時間,一般要與完成時連用。?
[誤] At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.?
[正] On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.?
[析] On 加動名詞表示"一……就"。本句的譯文應是:我一進入教室就聽見這個好消息了。又如:on hearing… 一聽見, on arrival 一到達就……(on表示動作的名詞)?
[誤] In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.?
[正] At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.?
[析] at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開始與結束部分,均不指時間范圍,而in the beginning 則是指開始一段時間。in the end=at last是指"最終,終于"之意。?
[誤] Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.?
[正] By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.?
[析] by 引起的時間狀語表示了動作的截止點,其意思為"不遲于某一時刻將工作做完",所以主句一般是完成時態。當然可以有將來時態,如:I'll be there by five o'clock.而till則表達其一動作一直持續到某一時刻,但句中的動詞一定要用持續性動詞,而瞬間的截止性動詞應用其否定句式,如:I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.?
[誤] He came to London before last weekend.?
[正] He had come to London before last weekend.?
[正] He came to London two weeks ago.?
[析] before 一般要與完成時連用,而ago則與一般過去時連用。?
[誤] I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.?
[正] I have studied English for three years since I came here.?
[析] since用來表達主句動作的開始時間,所以其引出的從句中應為過去時,而不能用完成時態
[誤] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.?
[正] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.?
[析] 中文經常講兩小時之后來取,兩天內會修好,而這個介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after 多用于過去時,如:I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ② after 加時間是表達一個不確定的時間范圍,如:after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時間內會完成某事時,一定要用介詞in。?
[誤] Three days after he died.?
[正] After three days he died.?
[正] Three days later he died.?
[析] after 與 later都可以用來表達一段時間之后,但它們所處的位置不同,after 在時間詞前,而later在時間詞后。?
[誤] She hid herself after the tree.?
[正] She hid herself behind the tree.?
[析] after多用來表達某動作之后,所以有的語法書中稱它為動態介詞,如:I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態事物之后。?
[誤] There is a beautiful bird on the tree.?
[正] There is a beautiful bird in the tree.?
[析] 樹上長出的果實,樹葉要用on, 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree.?
[誤] Shanghai is on the east of China.?
[正] Shanghai is in the east of China.?
[析] 在表達地理位置時有3個介詞:in, on, to。 in表示在某范圍之內; on表示與某地區接壤;to則表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China. ?
[誤] I arrived at New York on July 2nd.?
[正] I arrived in New York on July 2nd.?
[析] at用來表達較小的地方,而in用來表達較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。?
[誤] He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.?
[正] He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.?
[析] 在門牌號碼前要用at, 并要注意它的慣用法:at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。?
[誤] There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.?
[正] There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.?
[析] 在屋內的角落應用in,而墻的外角用at,如:There is a tree at the corner of the street.?
[誤] This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.?
[正] This weekend I'll stay at Uncle Wang's.?
[析] 要注意英文的特殊表達法,如:at a tailor's shop (裁縫店)=at a tailor's, ?at the doctor's (去看病) at the bookseller's (在書店) at uncle Wang's (在王叔叔家)
[誤] Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper??
[正] Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper??
[析] 在報紙上的新聞要用in, 而在具體某一版上,或某一頁上則要用on。?
[誤] The school will begin on September 1st.?
[正] School will begin on September 1st.?
[析] 這里的school應看作不可數名詞泛指學校的課程,即開學之意。要注意,有些活動場所當表達正在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞,如:at table (吃飯), When I came to Tom's home, they were at table. 還有: at desk (學習),at work (工作) at school (上學), in hospital (住醫院) at church 作禮拜?如加上定冠詞則另有他意,如:at the school 即在學校工作或辦事,in the hospital 即在醫院工作或去看望病人。?
[誤] In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.?
[正] On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.?
[析] 譯文為:在去車站的路上我買了份報紙,為的是消磨時光?"在……的路上"應用on one's way…。而 in the way 有擋道之意,如:Please move the chair it is in the way。
[誤] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.?
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.?
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.?
[析] in是表達一個靜止狀態,在與break連用時其后不加介詞賓語,而into則是動態介詞,與break連用時要加介詞賓語。?
[誤] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.?
[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.?
[正] I'll leave for Shanghai.?
[析] leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配,不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有:start for 動身前往某處,set out for, sail for。?
[誤] I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.?
[正] I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.?
[析] get in, 與 get out是兩個相反的詞組。get in 為上車,而get out為下車,但語法家認為這里的in與out為副詞,所以其后不能接名詞,我們可以講We'd better get in. 或We'd better get out. 還有一組詞組有關上下車:get on/off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into/out of (a car, taxi…)?
[誤] Be careful? The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.
[正] Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.
[析] over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時有時可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時,即正上方時則要用above.而泛指上方時用over.?
[誤] There is an old stone bridge above the river.?
[正] There is an old stone bridge over the river.?
[析] over還有一意為"跨越,橫跨"。?
[誤] The Dead Sea is under the sea level.?
[正] The Dead Sea is below the sea level.?
[析] 在垂直下方要用below.?也就是講above與below互為反意詞,over與under也是反意詞。
[誤] There is a big tree in the front of the house.?
[正] There is a big tree in front of the house. ?
[析] in front of 是在物體外部的前面,而in the front of 是在物體內部的前面,如:The driver sits in the front of the bus.?
[誤] It took them two days to walk across the forest.?
[正] It took them two days to walk through the forest.?
[析] across 作為介詞有兩個主要意思:① 橫過,如:I want to walk across the street.② 對面,如:There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過。如:The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.?
[誤] The sun sets toward the west.?
[正] The sun sets in the west.?
[析] towards也可用作toward,它主要表達朝向某方向運動,但不一定到達,如:He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 時,其前面要用in。要注意的是這4個詞可以用作副詞,如:I went south. 也可用作名詞,如:I went to the south.也可用作形容詞,如:I went to the south part of China.?
[誤] Do you have no other clothes except those??
[正] Do you have no other clothes besides those??
[析] beside 是"在……旁邊",如:The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外,不僅……而且……,除了……以外還有……", 如:I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分,如:I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物,如:The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。?
[誤] Can I write the exam paper with ink??
[正] Can I write the exam paper with a pen??
[正] Can I write the exam paper in ink??
[析] with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具,而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。?
[誤] I'm earlier today. I came here by his car.?
[正] I'm earlier today. I came here in his car.?
[析] 在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞,否則要改換相應的介詞。?by taxi=in a taxi
by train=in a train
by bicycle=on a bicycle?
by ship=on a ship
by boat=in a boat
by bus=on a bus?
by plane=on a plane
by air 空運
by land 陸運?
by sea 海運
on foot on horseback?
by phone by letter by radio?
by air mail by hand?
[誤] A lot of French wines are made of grape.?
[正] A lot of French wines are made from grape.?
[析] made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發生質地的變化,而發生了某種變化則要用from,如:The desk was made of hard wood.?
[誤] This is a good dictionary in English grammar.?
[正] This is a good dictionary on English grammar.?
[析] 關于某方面的書籍、報告等有兩個介詞,其中on表示某專業用書,about則為某方面的普通讀物,如:This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識。?
[誤] Do you have the key of the door. ?
[正] Do you have the key to the door.?
[析] key to the door門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千萬不要用of。?
[誤] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.?
[正] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.?
[析] have interest in是在某方面有興趣。?
[誤] I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.?
[正] I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.?
[析] be angry with其后接人,而be angry at其后接事。如:He was angry at what she said.?
[誤] He was good for skating.?
[正] He was good at skating.?
[析] be good at 為"擅長某事",而be good for somebody為對某人很好。?
[誤] It was good to you to help my little boy.?
[正] It was good of you to help my little boy.?
[析] 這句話應譯為:你真太好了,幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對某人態度好。如:Her mother is good to everyone.?
[誤] My parents were very pleased at me.?
[正] My parents were very pleased with me.?
[正] My parents were very pleased at my studying.?
[析] be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something。?
[誤] He is agree with me.?
[正] He agrees with me.?
[誤] He againsts me.?
[正] He is against me.?
[析] 同意agree為動詞,而反對against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。?
[誤] I haven't heard letters from him.?
[正] I haven't heard from him.?
[析] hear from 即為:從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。?
[誤] Teacher. May I call at you this weekend??
[正] Teacher. May I call on you this weekend??
[析] 作為"拜訪"講call at其后接地點,如:May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。?
[誤] Do you know the girl on white??
[正] Do you know the girl in white??
[析] in white為穿一身白。與in有關的詞組有:in bed(睡覺),in hospital(住院),in a hurry(匆匆忙忙),in danger(危險中),in joy (高興),in good health(身體好),in love(戀愛),in trouble(困境),與之相反的是out of ,如:out of trouble (擺脫困境),out of date(過時了), out of order(出故障)?
[誤] He looked at me at surprise.?
[正] He looked at me in surprise.?
[析] surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首,To one's surprise, 如:To my surprise he succeeded. ② be surprised at, 如:I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.?
[誤] She didn't come to school because of she was ill.?
[正] She didn't come to school because she was ill.?
[析] because of 后接名詞,如:The game was put off because of the rain.?
(三) 例題解析?
1? - Thank you ___ the beautiful flowers!?
- Not at all.?
A? in B? on C? at D? for ?
[答案] D. ?
[析] 由于某事向某人道謝應用for。?
2? Can you answer this question ___ English??
A? by B? in C? with D? from
?
[答案] B. ?
[析] in 表示用語言、聲音、或材料,如:He answered the question in a low voice.
3? Look ___ the map ___ China ___ the wall, please.?
A? after, of, in B? at, of, in
C? after, in, on D? at, of, on ?
[答案] D. ?
[析] look at 為"看",而on the wall為"在墻表面掛著",而in the wall 則是"在墻內",如:There is hole in the wall.墻上有個洞。?
4? - When did Mr Green arrive in London??
- He arrived there ___ the evening of December 6th.?
A? at B? in C? on D? to
[答案] C. ?
[析] in the evening / afternoon這兩個詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應將介詞換為on,如:on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。?
5? We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ___ our teacher's face.?
A? off B? near C? on D? between

[答案] C. ?
6? The twins got on well ___ their classmates.?
A? to B? in C? with D? about
?
[答案] C. ?
[析] get on well with與人相處很好。?
7? - Please remember to come to my birthday party.?
- I see. I'll come ___ Saturday evening.?
A? in B? at C? on D? for
?
[答案] C. ?
8? Let's hurry, or we'll be late ___ school??
A?to B?at C?with D?for
?
[答案] D.?
[析] be late for, 而 come late to, 如: Don't come late to school??
9? They will have a maths test ___ two days??
A?for B?at C?in D?after
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 三天之內應用in,而不要受中文影響用after, after three days 是個不定的時間范圍,即沒有一個準確的時間。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。?
10? My brother joined the army ___??
A?1989, March B?in March, 1989
C?March, 1989 D?1989, in March ?
[答案] B.?
[析] 在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用on。?
11? He couldn't work out the maths problem ___ your help??
A?without B?under C?for D?with
?
[答案] A.?
[析] 在某人幫助下應用with, 如:With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily?而要是沒有你的幫助則用 without your help??
12? Granny took one look at us ___ her glasses??
A?by B?through C?on D?in
?
[答案] B.?
[析] through 為穿過……。?
13? We had our breakfast ___ a quarter ___ seven??
A?/, to B?in, to C?at, to D?on, to
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 具體時間點前用at,而差幾分幾點用to,這里應譯為:我在差一刻七點吃的早飯。
14? I learn French ___ the radio every day??
A?on B?in C?from D?at
?
[答案] A.?
[析] 從收音機中聽到某事應用詞組 on the radio。?
15? It's good manners to wait ___ line??
A?in B?on C?at D?with
?
[答案] A.?
[析] in line 為排隊。?
16? How many English words had you learnt ___ last term??
A?by the end of B?at the end of
C?to the end of D?till the end of ?
[答案] A.?
[析] by the end of 為動作的截止時間,與完成時態相配合?
17? The manager was very satisfied ___ his work??
A?in B?on C?about D?with
?
[答案] D.?
[析] be satisfied with 為固定搭配。?
18? John hit Jack ___ face??
A?on the B?in the C?on his D?in his
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 英文中的某些動詞其后要接人,然后加介詞+the+身體部位,如:He caught the boy by the arm。?
19? I was born ___ the night ___ September 15, 1978?
?A?in, on B?at, on C?at, in D?on, of ?
[答案] D.?
[析] 在時間前加介詞時應以最小的時間單位為準。?
20? It's a bad manner to laugh ___ people when they are ___ trouble??
A?over, in B?at, in C?in, at D?at, for
?
[答案] B.?
[析] laugh at 嘲笑某人, laugh over 笑著談論某人或某事, in trouble 陷入困境。
21? I can't do this work well ___ Tom's help??
A?under B?for C?without D?from
?
[答案] C.?
22? Don't shout ___ the old woman。?You should be more polite ___ her?
A?to, at B?at, to C?in, for D?from, for
?
[答案] B.?
[析] shout at 為"沖某人喊叫",而 be polite to somebody 為"對某人和氣。"?
23? We must be strict ___ our selves ___ everything?
A?with, in B?in, with C?with, to D?to, of
?
[答案] A.?
[析] be strict with 對某人嚴格要求。?
24? He went to the football match ___ lunch last Sunday??
A?to B?without C?behind D?between
?
[答案] B.?
[析] without lunch 未吃午飯。?
25? The people's Republic of China was founded ___ 1949??
A?with B?on C?since D?in
?
[答案] D.?
[析] 在年代前用in。因句子是過去時而不是完成時,所以不能用since。?
26? Mr Black got to Hangzhou ___ a few days??
A?in B?after C?on D?at
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 這句話應譯為:幾天之后 Mr?Black 到達了杭州。而不是在幾天之內一定要做完某事,所以選B。?
27? - Has the teacher given you any advice ___ your English study??
- Yes, he has??
A?from B?with C?on D?in
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 給予某一方面問題的忠告其介詞用on。?
28? You may depend ___ him?He is ___ honest man??
A?on, a B?in, an C?on, an D?at, the
?
[答案] C.?
[析] depend on 為"依靠某人或某事",而 honest 的首字母 h 不發音。?
29? ___ my joy, I can answer this question??
A?With B?To C?By D?For
?
[答案] B.?
[析] To one's joy 意為"使我高興的是。"?
30? The teacher asked the students to look ___ the word in the dictionary?
A?for B?at C?up D?after
?
[答案] C.?
[析] look for 尋找, look at 看, look after 照顧, look up 查字典。?
31? A little monkey is playing ___ a tree and there are a lot of bananas ___ it
A?on, on B?in, on C?on, in D?in, in
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 樹上長出的果實為 on the tree?而其他外來之物要用 in the tree, 表達在樹上。?
32? I go to school ___ bus every morning.
?A. in B. by C. on D. at
? [答案] B.
? [析] by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某種交通工具去某地。
?33? No one likes a person ___ bad manners.
?A. without B. on C. out of D. with
? [答案] D.
? [析] with bad manners 有不良習慣的人。
?34? The policeman was surprised ___ the news.
?A. into B. for C. at D. out of
? [答案] C.
? [析] be surprised at 對某事吃驚。
?35? He had to sell newspapers ___ seven.
?A. at an age of B. at the ages of C. at the age of D. at age of
? [答案] C.
? [析] at the age of 在幾歲時。
?36? The little girl couldn't help ___ when she saw a large dog.
?A. cried B. to cry C. crying D. cries
? [答案] C.
? [析] couldn't help+動名詞表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。
?37? Jack was born ___ March 1st, 1978.
?A. on B. in C. at D. of
? [答案] A.
? [析] 日期,時間前的介詞按其表達語中的最小單位計算。
?38? Edison was very interested ___ science when he was a boy.
?A. to B. on C. in D. about
? [答案] C.
? [析] be interested in something 對某事感興趣。
?39? The teacher was very satisfied ___ her answer.?
A. in B. on C. for D. with
? [答案] D.
?40? The story happened ___ Beijing.
?A. in B. with C. for D. on
? [答案] A.

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