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初中英語閱讀材料中常見的隱藏否定結構

2023-05-04 英語


在初中英語閱讀材料中,有些句子表達了否定的意義,而不包含否定的結構。這種情況通常被稱為隱藏否定 (concealed negation)。熟悉這些常見的隱藏否定句子結構,有利于英語初學者對英語句子的理解,從而更好地掌握英語內容。初中常見的隱藏否定結構如下:

1.有些單詞或短語可以表達隱藏的負面影響。

1、anything but(絕不,絕不,一點也不),but后跟名詞/代詞/形容詞,有強烈的否定意義。

My father likes anything but beef. (我父親最不喜歡牛肉。)

The painting is anything but beautiful. (這幅畫根本不美。)

2、everywhere but 表示“決不在……”

He will work everywhere but in Shanghai. (他根本不愿意在上海工作。)

3、let alone“更不必說”

He can"t ride a bicycle,let alone a motorbike. (他不會騎自行車,更別說摩托車了。)

4、句中用“the last、the least、the limit”短語可以表示強烈否定,這意味著:“最不……”。例如:

She’s the last one that I want to see in the world. (她是我最不想見的人。)

He speaks ill of me, and that"s the limit. (他常說我的壞話,那真讓人難以忍受。)

5、but for(如果不是/如果沒有)后接名詞或代詞,but that(如果不是/如果沒有),后面應該跟著從句,兩者都表示虛擬條件,謂語動詞必須采用虛擬語氣結構。

But for your help, I couldn"t have succeeded.

But that you had helped me, I couldn"t have succeeded.

如果不是你的幫助/沒有你的幫助,我就不會成功。

2.有些連詞也能表達隱藏否定,比較常見的連詞有unlessss、since、before等。

1、unless 引導從句,意思是“除非”, 相當于if...not... He never speaks unless he is spoken to.

=He never speaks if he isn"t spoken to. (如果別人不和他說話,他就不會說話。)

2、在since引導的狀語從句中,如果謂語動詞是連續動詞,是一般過去式,則從動作終止或狀態不再繼續時計算從句所表示的時間,則用否定翻譯法翻譯句子。

We"ve been out of touch since we lived together(自從我們不在一起以來,我們就失去了聯系。)

對比:It"s 20 years since I graduated from Anhui Normal University。

(我從安徽師范大學畢業已經20年了。)

3、before引導的狀語從句也可以表達暗否定義

The audience had all left before the play finished. (觀眾在戲劇結束前就已經走光了。)

Three months went by / on before XiaoWang knew it. (不知不覺中小王度過了三個月。)

3.有一些比較結構也可以表達隱藏的否定。

1、more...than...表同一人或事的不同性質或特征。

Zangfei is more brave than wise. (張飛有勇無謀。)

2、no 形容詞/副詞的比較級 than,否認雙方,意思是:不比較

Tom is no cleverer than his brother. (湯姆并不比他的兄弟聰明.(同樣愚蠢/不聰明.)

3、“less 形容詞或副詞原級 than”結構表示否定對比。

The results left us less than satisfied. (結果讓我們不滿意。)

4、用“still、much、even、 a little”等等表示否定程度。

She hasn"t cleaned her own room, still less mine.

(她自己的房間沒有打掃干凈,更別說我的了。)

對比:We should thank him for his advice, still more for his financial help.

(我們應該感謝他的建議,也應該感謝他的財政援助.)

▲still 用于肯定句的more, still 用于否定句的less。

4.一些固定的結構也可以表達隱藏的否定。常見的有一些。“too...to...”相當于so...that...can"t或not...enough to...

1、It was too difficult for us to work out the problem.

注意對比:He is too glad to receive your letter. (他很高興收到你的信。)

2、prefer ...to .../ prefer to do ...rather than do .../ would rather do…than do/ prefer doing rather than doing。寧愿…也不愿…

eg: ①They prefer to tire themselves out in work rather than sit doing nothing. (他們寧愿累死在工作中也不愿無所事事。)

② The Red Army soldier would rather die than give in.

(紅軍戰士寧死不屈。)

5.一些情態動詞和動詞完成式也可以表示否定意義, 常見的有:

should have done (本該做但未做)

need have done(我需要做但沒做)

could have done(本可以做但不做/可能已經做)

would like to have done (我愿意做,但沒有做)等等。

① I would like to have gone to your birthday party last night, but I had to do homework. 精品小說推薦: 昔日落魄少年被逐出家族,福禍相依得神秘老者相助,從此人生路上一片青雲! 我行我瀟灑,彰顯我性格! 彆罵小爺拽,媳婦多了用車載! 妹紙一聲好歐巴,轉手就是摸摸大! “不要嘛!” 完整內容請點擊辣手仙醫

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