關系代詞結構中介詞的選擇

1、選擇關系代詞和關系副詞

在定語從句中，關系代詞或關系副詞代替先行詞，在從句中起一定的作用。如果從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語或定語，則應使用關系代詞連接從句；如果從句中缺少狀語，則必須使用關系副詞連接從句。例如：

(1)I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

(2)I still remember the days when we worked together.

二、理解只使用thatt 引導限制性定語從句的幾種情況

that 限制性定語從句既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情況下，只能使用thatt。 引導定語從句：

1. 先行詞是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等待不確定代詞。例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy?

2. 先行詞被all， few, little, much, every, some, no等詞修飾或被the修飾 only, the very, the same, the last 等限定詞修飾時。例如：

These are all the pictures that I have seen.

This is the very dictionary that is of great help.

3. 先行詞既指人又指物。例如：

My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

4. 當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。例如：

Our school is not the one that it used to be.

5. 當先行詞被形容詞的最高級別或序數字修飾時。例如：

This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

6. 主句是who 或which 指導的特殊問題。例如：

Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

三、把握“介詞”＋關系代詞結構中介詞的選擇

介詞的選擇與主句中先行詞的搭配密切相關。例如：

That”s the reason for which he was late for school.

This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.

注意：

1. 當定語從句中的謂語動詞是含有介詞的動詞短語時，介詞應放在動詞后面，不能在關系代詞前打開。例如：

This is the key which you are looking for.

This is the baby whom you will look after.

2. 在這種結構中，關系代詞是指人時使用whom，指物時使用whichh.

四、找出as 和which 引導的非限制性定語從句指代整體時的差異

1. 位置上的差異：as 引導的非限制性定語從句位置靈活，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面，也可以插在主句中間；whichh 引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句后面。例如：

As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.

The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.

The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.

2. 意義與聯系的區別：as 引導的非限制性定語從句與主句之間有著密切的上下文聯系，as 它本身就含有“正如”的含義；而which 在邏輯意義上，引導的非限制性定語從句與主句之間近似并列句，which 它本身就意味著“這”或“這一點”。例如：

Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.

Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.

五、注意定語從句的主謂一致性

當關系代詞在定語從句中作為主語時，從句的謂語必須與先行詞的人稱和數一致。例如：

Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.

Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.

6、保持主句的完整性，避免從句成分的重疊

1. 在定語從句中，無論發生什么情況，主句的結構都必須完整，即主句必須有主語和謂語，否則整個主句就不能成立。試著比較一下：

(1)Is this factory _____ we visited last week?

(2)Is this the factory _____ we visited last week?

A. which B. where C. what D. the one

分析：

第一個問題缺乏表語，只有填寫D項才能保持主句的完整性，而其他選項都是干擾項。

第二題主句本身是完整的，應填寫的關系代詞在從句中作visited 賓語，因此應選擇A項。

2. 從定語從句中，關系代詞或關系副詞已經取代了先行詞，或與相應的介詞一起在定語從句中起到一定的作用，因此與關系代詞（副）詞重疊的成分不能再出現在定語從句中。例如：

錯句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?

分析:thatthat 已經取代了先行詞thee已經取代了 train 在定語從句中充當物動詞took 賓語，故重疊的賓語it必須刪除。

總之，如果突破以上六個難點，定語從句中的難題就會迎刃而解。

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