“高中英語語法”be to do“用法”

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“be to do”的用法

一般說來，“be to do” 這種結構有兩種語法意義，一種是連接動詞be 動詞不定式做表語，其次是be to是一個具有情態含義的獨立詞匯單位，可以稱之為情態習語（modal idiom）。

一、be 動詞不定式，不定式做表語，表示主語和表語在概念上是相等的。例如：

The problem is to find a solution.

His plan is to clean the room.

My wish is to be a doctor.

二、be to be在動詞不定式中 to用作情態習語，此時的be to do表示： “計劃”、“安排”、“義務”、“應該”、“可能”、“命運”等。（have to，ought to）。如：

He is to have a holiday. (表示未來)

The committee is to meet today. (表示計劃、安排)

You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.

1. 表示 “將”、“計劃”、“安排”。(意思接近be going to） 如：

Their daughter is to get married soon.

Who is to question him？

It was the last film at the cinema，which was to close next day.

After dinner they were to go to a movie.

was/ were to do 說明過去計劃做什么，或者過去應該做什么，從現在的角度來看已經實現了。例如:

I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.

I was to play Juliet.

The expedition was to start in a week’s time.

was/ were to have done，表示 “本打算”、“本計劃”或“本應當” 你所做的并沒有完成或發生。例如：

I was to have seen him last Wednesday，but he didn’t come.

We were to have been married last year.

2. 表示 “義務”、“應該” .(意思接近should，must，ought to，have to） 如：

No one is to leave the building. 沒有人能離開這棟樓。

You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room.

You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你必須在十點前回來。

3. 表示可能性，相當于can，may 如：

Such books are to be found in the library. 這樣的書可以在圖書館找到。

Not a single sound was to be heard. 一點聲音都聽不見。

Not a soul was to be seen. 看不到一個人影。

She was nowhere to be found. 到處都找不到她。

She was never to see his wife and family again.

5. 表示 “命運”，未來必然發生的事情，翻譯成 “注定……”。如：

He came to power，but he was to play dearly for it： soon he was assassinated.

The worst is still to come.

They said goodbye，little knowing they were never to meet again.

6. 用于“if…were to do”，表示虛擬語氣。例如：

If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，運動會就會推遲。

Exercises：

1.This film _____ this Sunday.

A. is going to show B. is showing C. is to be show D. will have been show

2.The students were told that they ____ at the school gate at 2：00 the following afternoon.

A. met B. will meet C. were to meet D. were met

3. The house _____ ready today but as there has been a builders’ strike it is still only half finished.

A. is B. was to be C. was D. was to have been

4.In such dry weather，the flowers will have to be watered if they _____.

A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive

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Tags：表示   不定式   表語